CHE145 Organic And Analytical Chemistry UITM Assignment Sample Malaysia

CHE145 Organic and Analytical Chemistry course at UITM (Universiti Teknologi MARA) offers an exhilarating journey into the fascinating field of chemistry, focusing specifically on organic compounds and analytical techniques. This course aims to equip students with a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and applications of organic chemistry, as well as the essential skills required for analytical investigations.

Throughout this course, students will delve into the realm of organic chemistry, which encompasses the study of carbon-based compounds, their structures, properties, reactions, and synthesis. Organic compounds are the building blocks of life, constituting the molecules found in everything from the food we eat to the clothes we wear. Understanding the intricacies of organic chemistry provides the groundwork for comprehending the behaviour of matter and the chemical processes that shape our world.

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Here, we will describe some assignment tasks. These are:

Assignment Task 1: Determine, nomenclature and predict various organic compounds and organic chemical reactions.

Determining the nomenclature and predicting reactions of organic compounds involves understanding the rules and principles of organic chemistry. While I can provide you with general guidelines, it’s important to note that organic chemistry is a vast field with numerous compounds and reactions, and it’s not possible to cover all of them in a single response. However, I can give you an overview and some examples to help you get started.

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds: The nomenclature of organic compounds follows the guidelines set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Here are the basic steps to determine the IUPAC name of an organic compound:

1. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain (parent chain) in the molecule.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the chain, giving the lowest number to the substituent with the highest priority (based on functional groups or alphabetical order if no functional groups are present).
3. Name the substituents attached to the parent chain using prefixes such as methyl, ethyl, etc.
4. Indicate the position of each substituent by a number and separate multiple substituents with commas.
5. If there are multiple identical substituents, use prefixes like di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.
6. Name any functional groups using suffixes such as -ol for alcohols, -one for ketones, -oic acid for carboxylic acids, etc.
7. If there are multiple functional groups, use prefixes such as di-, tri-, etc., before the functional group name.

Example: Let’s consider the compound CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3. Here’s how you would determine its IUPAC name:

1. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain, which is six carbons (hexane).
2. Number the carbons to give the substituent with the highest priority (in this case, the methyl group) the lowest number. The compound becomes 3-methylhexane.
3. There are no functional groups in this compound.

Predicting Organic Chemical Reactions: Predicting organic chemical reactions requires an understanding of reaction mechanisms, functional group interconversions, and reaction conditions. Here’s a simplified overview of some common organic reactions:

1. Substitution Reactions: In substitution reactions, an atom or a group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group. Examples include nucleophilic substitution (SN1 and SN2) and electrophilic substitution.
2. Addition Reactions: In an addition reaction, two molecules combine to form a single product. Examples include addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes, hydration of alkenes, and addition of nucleophiles to carbonyl compounds.
3. Elimination Reactions: In elimination reactions, a molecule is removed from a starting material to form a new product. Examples include elimination of a leaving group (E1 and E2) from alkyl halides and dehydration of alcohols.
4. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Oxidation involves the loss of electrons, while reduction involves the gain of electrons. Examples include oxidation of alcohols, reduction of carbonyl compounds, and oxidation of primary amines to form nitro compounds.

These are just a few examples, and there are numerous other reactions in organic chemistry. Predicting reactions involves understanding the functional groups involved, the reaction conditions, and the mechanisms underlying the transformations.

It’s important to consult organic chemistry textbooks, resources, or seek guidance from a qualified instructor for a more comprehensive understanding of organic compounds and their reactions.

Assignment Task 2: Determine, nomenclature, predict and synthesis of various organic compounds and chemical reactions including analytical chemistry (chemical mathematics, gravimetric analysis).

Determining the nomenclature, predicting reactions, and synthesizing organic compounds involves understanding organic chemistry principles and utilizing various tools and techniques. Analytical chemistry, on the other hand, focuses on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of chemical substances. I can provide you with an overview of these topics, but please note that providing a comprehensive guide for each aspect would require extensive information and may not be feasible within the scope of a single response. Nonetheless, I’ll do my best to provide a useful overview.

1. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds: The nomenclature of organic compounds is governed by a set of rules established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). These rules provide systematic methods for naming organic compounds based on their molecular structure and functional groups. Naming conventions include identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the carbons, and naming substituents and functional groups.
2. Predicting Organic Reactions: Predicting organic reactions involves understanding the fundamental principles of organic chemistry, such as functional groups, reaction mechanisms, and reactivity. By analyzing the reactants and understanding the characteristics of the functional groups involved, it is possible to predict the potential reactions and products. However, organic reactions can be complex, and predicting the exact outcome of a reaction often requires expertise and experimental data.
3. Synthesis of Organic Compounds: Synthesising organic compounds involves designing and executing chemical reactions to obtain specific target molecules. It requires a good understanding of the reactants, reaction conditions, and techniques for purification and characterization. Synthesis routes can vary depending on the complexity of the target compound and the availability of starting materials.
4. Analytical Chemistry: Analytical chemistry encompasses a wide range of techniques used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse chemical substances. This field includes methods such as spectroscopy, chromatography, titration, and gravimetric analysis. Analytical chemists apply these techniques to identify and quantify chemical components, determine the composition of mixtures, and assess the purity of compounds.
5. Chemical Mathematics: Chemical mathematics involves the application of mathematical concepts and calculations to solve problems in chemistry. It encompasses a variety of mathematical techniques, including stoichiometry, dimensional analysis, equilibrium calculations, and rate equations. These calculations aid in understanding chemical reactions, determining reaction yields, and solving various quantitative problems in chemistry.

Assignment Task 3: Perform activities pertaining to the application of organic and analytical chemistry in daily life.

Sure! Here are some activities that involve the application of organic and analytical chemistry in daily life:

1. Cooking and Food Preparation: Organic chemistry is involved in the preparation and cooking of food. Understanding the chemical reactions that occur during cooking, such as Maillard reactions and caramelization, can help improve the taste and quality of dishes.
2. Cleaning Products: Many cleaning products, such as detergents, soaps, and disinfectants, are formulated using organic chemistry principles. Organic compounds like surfactants and enzymes help in breaking down and removing dirt, stains, and microorganisms.
3. Personal Care Products: Organic chemistry is essential in the production of personal care products like cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, and perfumes. Organic compounds are used as active ingredients, solvents, or fragrance components.
4. Pharmaceuticals: The development and production of pharmaceutical drugs involve organic chemistry extensively. Organic chemists design and synthesize new compounds to treat diseases, analyze the structure and purity of drug substances, and ensure their effectiveness and safety.
5. Environmental Analysis: Analytical chemistry plays a vital role in environmental monitoring. Techniques such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy are used to analyze air and water samples for pollutants, toxins, and contaminants.
6. Agriculture and Pesticides: Organic chemistry contributes to the development and understanding of pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture. Organic chemists study the structure and activity of compounds to design effective and safe agrochemicals.
7. Material Science: Organic chemistry is involved in the synthesis and characterization of materials such as plastics, polymers, and fibers. These materials find applications in various industries, including packaging, textiles, electronics, and construction.
8. Energy Production: Organic chemistry is linked to energy production through the development of renewable energy sources and energy storage technologies. For instance, the synthesis of photovoltaic materials for solar cells and the design of batteries rely on organic chemistry principles.
9. Forensic Analysis: Analytical chemistry is employed in forensic laboratories to analyze evidence, such as drugs, toxic substances, and trace evidence, to assist in criminal investigations.
10. Quality Control and Testing: Analytical chemistry is utilized for quality control and testing in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, and cosmetics. Analytical techniques are employed to ensure product safety, purity, and compliance with regulations.

These are just a few examples of how organic and analytical chemistry are applied in daily life. These fields have a broad range of applications and contribute to numerous aspects of our modern society.

Assignment Task 4: Respond to the experimental outcome of organic and analytical chemistry experiments.

In organic chemistry experiments, the outcomes can vary depending on the specific reaction and conditions used. Here are some possible outcomes for common organic chemistry experiments:

1. Synthesis of a desired compound: The reaction may successfully produce the target compound, which can be confirmed by various techniques such as spectroscopy (e.g., IR, NMR) or chromatography.
2. Formation of byproducts: Sometimes, in addition to the desired compound, side reactions or unintended products can occur. These byproducts can be identified and characterized using analytical techniques.
3. No reaction or low yield: In some cases, the desired reaction may not occur, resulting in no product or low yields. This can happen due to unfavorable reaction conditions, incorrect stoichiometry, or other factors.
4. Isolation and purification: After a reaction, the product may need to be isolated and purified. Techniques such as filtration, distillation, extraction, and recrystallization can be employed to obtain a pure compound.

In analytical chemistry experiments, the outcomes focus on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances. Here are a few possible outcomes:

1. Identification of a compound: Analytical techniques such as spectroscopy (UV-Vis, IR, NMR) and mass spectrometry can be used to identify the presence of specific compounds in a sample.
2. Quantitative analysis: Analytical methods like titration, chromatography (HPLC, GC), and spectroscopy (atomic absorption, fluorescence) can determine the concentration or amount of a substance in a sample.
3. Validation of analytical methods: Experimental outcomes in analytical chemistry may involve validating the accuracy, precision, linearity, and limit of detection of analytical methods to ensure reliable results.

It’s important to note that the specific experimental outcomes can vary widely depending on the conditions, techniques, and goals of the experiment. Always consult primary scientific literature, laboratory manuals, or experienced researchers for specific experimental results and interpretations.

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