CHE144 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics UITM Assignment Sample Malaysia

CHE144: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics is an exciting course offered at UITM (Universiti Teknologi MARA). In this course, we will delve into the fundamental principles and concepts of thermodynamics and explore their applications in the field of chemical engineering.

Thermodynamics is a branch of science that deals with the study of energy, heat, and work, and their interconversion within systems. It plays a vital role in understanding the behaviour of matter and the physical processes occurring in chemical engineering systems. By grasping the principles of thermodynamics, engineers can optimise processes, design efficient systems, and make informed decisions.

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Below, we will provide some assignment objectives. These are:

Assignment Objective 1: Evaluate engineering problems using thermodynamic concepts in chemical engineering.

Thermodynamics plays a crucial role in chemical engineering, as it provides fundamental principles and tools for analyzing and solving various engineering problems. Let’s evaluate an engineering problem using thermodynamic concepts in the context of chemical engineering:

Problem: Designing a refrigeration system for a chemical process plant to maintain a specific temperature range for a reactor.

Thermodynamic Analysis:

1. Heat Transfer: The design of a refrigeration system involves transferring heat from the reactor to maintain the desired temperature. Thermodynamics provides concepts such as heat transfer equations, heat exchanger design principles, and overall heat transfer coefficients to determine the cooling requirements and select appropriate heat exchangers for efficient heat transfer.
2. Energy Balance: Thermodynamics enables us to perform energy balance calculations to determine the cooling load required to maintain the reactor’s temperature within the desired range. This involves evaluating the heat generated by the reaction, heat losses to the surroundings, and the amount of heat removed by the refrigeration system.
3. Phase Equilibrium: Depending on the process conditions, the refrigerant in the refrigeration system may undergo phase changes. Thermodynamics provides phase equilibrium concepts, such as vapor-liquid equilibrium, bubble and dew point calculations, and the use of phase diagrams, to understand the behavior of the refrigerant during these phase transitions.
4. Thermodynamic Cycles: Refrigeration systems typically operate on thermodynamic cycles, such as the vapor compression cycle. Thermodynamics helps in analyzing and optimizing these cycles, considering factors like pressure, temperature, enthalpy, entropy, and compressor efficiency, to ensure effective cooling and minimize energy consumption.
5. Efficiency Analysis: Thermodynamics allows for the evaluation of the efficiency of the refrigeration system. Parameters such as coefficient of performance (COP) can be calculated to assess the system’s effectiveness in providing the desired cooling while minimising energy input.
6. Material Compatibility: Thermodynamics also assists in considering material compatibility in the refrigeration system. It helps determine suitable materials for construction, considering factors like corrosion, phase stability, and compatibility with the refrigerant and operating conditions.

By applying thermodynamic concepts and principles, chemical engineers can effectively design, analyse, and optimise refrigeration systems to meet the specific temperature requirements of chemical processes. Thermodynamics provides the foundation for understanding heat transfer, energy balance, phase behaviour, cycle analysis, efficiency evaluation, and material compatibility, which are all essential considerations in solving engineering problems in chemical engineering.

Assignment Objective 2: Integrate engineering problem using thermodynamic concept in chemical engineering.

Sure! Let’s consider an engineering problem related to a chemical process in a reactor. Suppose we have a continuous-flow reactor where a chemical reaction takes place, and we need to determine the heat transfer requirements for efficient operation. This can be analyzed using thermodynamic concepts in chemical engineering.

Here’s a step-by-step integration of thermodynamics into this engineering problem:

1. Define the System: Identify the system boundaries and components involved in the process. In this case, the system consists of the reactor and the reactants/products flowing through it.
2. Establish the Thermodynamic State: Determine the initial and final states of the system. This involves specifying the reactant and product compositions, temperatures, pressures, and flow rates. It is important to consider any assumptions made regarding ideal gas behavior, constant pressure, etc.
3. Apply the First Law of Thermodynamics: The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted. In this context, the first law can be applied to analyze the energy balance within the reactor. It relates the heat transfer, work done, and changes in internal energy of the system.
4. Evaluate Enthalpy Changes: Enthalpy (H) is a thermodynamic property that relates to the heat transfer in a system. By considering the heat of reaction and the heat capacity of the reactants/products, we can calculate the enthalpy change (∆H) during the chemical reaction.
5. Account for Heat Transfer: Determine the heat transfer mechanisms involved in the system. Heat can be transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation. Assess the thermal conductivity of the reactor and the heat transfer coefficients of the fluid stream to estimate the heat transfer rate.
6. Incorporate Heat Exchangers: If necessary, include heat exchangers in the process design to optimise heat transfer. Heat exchangers can be used to recover and reuse heat, improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.
7. Assess Energy Efficiency: Calculate the energy efficiency of the process by comparing the actual energy input with the useful energy output. This analysis can help identify opportunities for process optimization or heat recovery.
8. Consider Second Law Analysis: In some cases, a second law analysis may be performed to assess the irreversibilities in the process. This analysis focuses on entropy generation and helps identify areas where energy losses occur.

By integrating thermodynamic concepts into the engineering problem, you can analyse the energy requirements, heat transfer rates, and overall efficiency of the chemical process in the reactor. This information is crucial for process design, optimization, and energy management in chemical engineering.

Assignment Objective 3: Perform activities pertaining to thermodynamic application in daily life.

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of energy and its transformations. It has numerous applications in our daily lives, ranging from simple activities to more complex systems. Here are some examples of thermodynamic applications in daily life:

1. Cooking: When you cook food, you are applying the principles of thermodynamics. Heating food on a stove or in an oven involves the transfer of heat energy from the heat source to the food, which causes it to cook and undergo chemical transformations.
2. Boiling water: When you heat water on a stovetop or in a kettle, you are increasing its temperature. At a certain temperature, known as the boiling point, water undergoes a phase change from a liquid to a gas. This phase change is governed by the principles of thermodynamics.
3. Air conditioning and refrigeration: Air conditioners and refrigerators work based on the principles of thermodynamics. They transfer heat from one location (such as a room or a refrigerator compartment) to another location (such as the outside air or the back of the refrigerator) using a refrigerant fluid and a compression-expansion cycle.
4. Automobile engines: The internal combustion engines used in cars and motorcycles operate based on the principles of thermodynamics. They convert the chemical energy stored in fuels (such as gasoline or diesel) into mechanical energy, which powers the vehicle. Thermodynamics is crucial in understanding the efficiency and performance of these engines.
5. Heating systems: Central heating systems and water heaters in our homes rely on the principles of thermodynamics. They transfer heat energy from a source (such as a furnace or a water heater) to the surrounding air or water, providing warmth and hot water for various purposes.
6. Solar panels: Solar panels harness sunlight and convert it into usable electricity. This process involves the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells. The efficiency and operation of solar panels can be understood and improved using thermodynamic principles.
7. Thermos flasks: A thermos flask is designed to minimise heat transfer between its contents and the surroundings. It consists of a double-walled container with a vacuum in between the walls, which significantly reduces heat conduction and convection. This thermally insulating design helps keep hot liquids hot and cold liquids cold for extended periods.

These are just a few examples of thermodynamic applications in daily life. Thermodynamics plays a fundamental role in numerous other areas, such as power generation, industrial processes, environmental systems, and more.

Assignment Objective 4: Respond to the experimental outcome of the thermodynamic experiments.

The outcome of thermodynamic experiments depends on the specific conditions, variables, and objectives of the experiment. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of energy transfer, conversion, and the relationship between heat and work. Experimental outcomes in thermodynamics can vary widely and may include measurements of temperature, pressure, volume, energy changes, and other relevant parameters.

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